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SolarLab XM Photoelectrochemical Test System

SolarLab XM is an application specific XM (Xtreme Measurement) product that is primarily focused on solar cell / photovoltaic research, developed in conjunction with Professor Laurie Peter of the University of Bath, UK.

SolarLab XM includes a reference grade potentiostat, frequency response analyzer (FRA) and PhotoEchem module that provide complete characterization of a wide range of Solar/PV cells, including Perovskite and Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC). Additionally, the system can be used for development of visible spectrum photoelectrochemical systems such as Iron-Oxide photo-splitting of water.

A key feature of this system is its ease of use, with data analysis requiring just one click of the mouse! For experienced users SolarLab XM offers the ability to develop new experiment types with the powerful step sequencer. SolarLab XM includes:

  • Frequency and time domain techniques including IMPS, IMVS, Impedance, Photovoltage Decay, Charge Extraction, I-V
  • Auto analysis for calculating effective diffusion coefficients and electron lifetimes
  • NIST traceable light source calibration
  • Excellent thermal management of light sources for long term stability
  • Wide range of monochromatic high brightness LEDs
  • Full set of electrochemical techniques (cyclic voltammetry, chrono methods, galvano methods, impedance and AC voltammetry)
  • Auxiliary channels (12-wire) for simultaneous anode/cathode voltage and impedance
  • Best in class frequency response analyzer (FRA) - fast single sine, multisine/Fast Fourier Transform, Harmonic Analysis over the full frequency range
  • IPCE option for quantum efficiency measurements
     

 

  • Documents +

  • Specifications +


    Potentiostat
    Cell connections 2, 3 or 4 terminal
    Instrument connections CE, WE, RE, LO
    Floating measurements yes
    Impedance measurement bandwidth 1 MHz (via FRA)
    Maximum time record Unlimited
    IR compensation yes
    Counter Electrode (CE)
    Smooth "analog" scan generator
    		 64 Ms/s interpolated
    and filtered
    Voltage polarization (and compliance) range ±8 V
    Current polarization range Pstat ±300 mA
    Recommended voltage scan rate
    		 25 kV/s to 1 µV/s
    Recommended current scan rate 1 kA/s to 200 µA/s
    Maximum Compliance ±8 V
    Bandwidth (decade steps) 1 MHz to 10 Hz
    Polarization V / I error (setting + range) 0.1% + 0.1%
    Minimum pulse duration 1 µs
    Slew rate >10 V/µs
    Reference Inputs (RE)
    Connections Differential Input
    Cable shields Driven (3T) / Ground (4T)
    Maximum voltage measurement ±8 V
    Ranges 8 V, 3 V, 300 mV, 30 mV, 3 mV
    Accuracy (reading % + range % + offset) 0.1% + 0.05% + 100 µV
    Maximum resolution 1 µV
    Input impedance >100 GΩ, <28 pF (3T)
    Input bias current <10 pA
    Maximum ADC sample rate 1 MS/s
    Working Electrode (WE)
    Maximum current ±300 mA
    Ranges 300 mA to 30 nA (decades)
    Accuracy (reading % + range % + offset) 0.1% + 0.05% + 30 fA
    Maximum resolution 1.5 pA
    Compliance voltage range (floating) ±8 V
    Maximum ADC sample rate  1 MS/s
    Auxiliary electrodes (A, B, C, D)
    Differential Auxiliary Electrodes
    		 4 (same spec. as RE)
    DC Measurement Sychronized to RE
    Impedance measurement bandwidth 1 MHz (via FRA)

    Frequency Response Analyzer
    Maximum sample rate
    		 40 MS/s
    Frequency range
    		 10 µHz to 1 MHz
    Frequency resolution 1 in 65,000,000
    Frequency error
    		 ±100 ppm
    Minimum ∫ time per measurement
    (single sine, FFT or harmonic)
    		 10 ms
    Signal Output
    Waveform
    		 Single sine, multi-sine 
    Single Sine
    		 Linear / logarithmic
    Multi-sine / harmonic frequencies
    		 All or selected
    Analysis channels
    Accuracy (ratio)
    		 ±0.1%, ±0.1
    Anti-alias, digital filters, DC bias reject
    		 Automatic
    Analysis channels
    		 RE, WE, Aux A/B/C/D
    Analysis modes
    		 Single sine, FFT, Harmonic
    DC Bias rejection
    		 Automatic

  • Accessories +

    • Solartron Power Boosters

      • Up to 100 Volts
      • Up to 100 Amps
      • Wide frequency bandwidth for impedance measurements
      • Operates in boosted or non-boosted mode

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    • ModuLab XM PhotoEchem
      ModuLab XM Photoelectrochemical Test System

      • Perovskite Solar Cells, DSSC's, Water Splitting Anode Development, IPCE (Incident Photon to Current Efficiency)
      • Range of Frequency and Time Domain Measurement techniques including IMPS, IMVS, Impedance, PhotoVoltage Decay, Charge Extraction Techniques, I-V
      • 'Auto' analysis of data enabled for calculation of effective Diffusion coefficients and Electron Lifetimes

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    • K0047 Corrosion Cell Kit

      • Ideal for corrosion analysis of cylindrical metal specimens with an optional sample holder to accommodate flat specimens

      • Cell configuration is modeled after a design commonly found in many ASTM standards

      • Supplied with graphite counter electrodes and saturated calomel reference electrode (SCE) 

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    • K0307 Tait Cell Kit

      • Designed specifically for corrosion studies on flat specimens under conditions where typical reference electrodes are incompatible

      • Hastelloy C-276 reference and counter electrodes included

      • Exposed sample area of 32 cm2

      • Holds volumes as low as 80 mL

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    • K0235 Flat Cell Kit

      • Optimal construction for corrosion/coatings studies of flat specimens having a range of sizes and geometry

      • Specially designed gasket to minimize crevice corrosion

      • Platinum mesh counter electrode and Ag/AgCl reference electrode included

      • Exposed sample area is 1 cm2 with an option for a larger exposed area of 12.6 cm2

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    • K0264 Micro-Cell Kit

      • Intended to be used for any application where solution volume is limited, requiring volumes ranging from 3 to 15 mL

      • Purge tube assembly provided for bubbling or blanketing the solution with inert gas

      • Platinum wire counter electrode and Ag/AgCl reference electrode included

      • Compatible with a range of working electrode materials available in two sizes: 2 mm or 10 µm diameter

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  • Options +


    The Optical bench is shipped with a 590nm LED as standard. We also offer a range of LED's that can be ordered separately.
    LED Options
    LED Options (nm) Max Power (mA) Bandwidth (FWHM) (nm)
    420 500 12
    455 1000 18
    470 1600 29
    505 1000 30
    530 1600 31
    590 1600 14
    625 1000 16
    660 1200 25
    Cold White 1000 n/a
    Warm White 1000 n/a
    IPCE Options
    General
    Monochromator Wavelength
    		350 nm - 1100 nm
    System Wavelength (with Optical Bench
    		 350 nm - 800 nm
    Min. Step Size
    		 10 nm
    Typical Bulb Lifetime
    		 100 hrs
    Temperature Drift of Cell with Bias Light
    		 <1 Deg C after 10 min warm-up

  • Software +

    • XM-studio Software

      • Wide range of electrochemical test techniques, including cyclic voltammetry, NPV/DPV, impedance, AC voltammetry and Mott-Schottky
      • Wide range of materials test techniques, including I-V, C-V, impedance and Mott-Schottky
      • Full support of XM products including ModuLab, ModuLab XM and Apps-XM series
      • Full support of Power Boosters up to 100 V and 100 A for DC and EIS electrochemistry
      • Integrated temperature control including custom designed cryostats and furnaces
      • Integrated equivalent circuit and electronic materials fitting functions

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    • ZView Software

      • ZView is the companion EIS data analysis software for ZPlot
      • Multiple display formats (impedance, admittance, capacitance, permittivity and electrical modulus)
      • Comprehensive data analysis capabilities include an extensive library of equivalent circuit data fit models – R, C, L, Warburg, Distributed Elements

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